The first indication of this mathematical composition was in the 11th century by Rabbi Judah the Pious. In   a book entitled STUDIES IN JEWISH MYSTICISM (Association for Jewish Studies, 1982, p. 91), Joseph Dan writes that Rabbi Judah and his disciples developed a theory that:

the words and letters of the various prayers are not accidental, nor are they only vehicles for their literal meaning. Their order, especially their numbers, reflect a mystical harmony, a sacred divine rhythm. This mystical harmony can be discovered in historical events, directed by God; in nature, especially in the miraculous occurrences directly influenced by divine powers; and first and foremost, in the Bible. According to Rabbi Judah and the Ashkenazi Hasidic school in general, there can be nothing accidental in the Bible,  not even the forms of letters, the punctuation, the vocalization, and especially-in the numerical structures-the number of certain letters, consonants or vowels in a certain verse; the number of words from  the same root; the number and variety of divine names in a certain pericope, the absence of one or more letters from a chapter, and many other elements of the Scriptures besides their content.

Nine centuries after Rabbi Judah stated these elements of the code, the computer has demonstrated each of them. As detailed in this chapter and the next, the original scripture was mathematically composed in a way  that encodes and guards every single one of its parameters. If the scripture were tampered with, the code
would be broken.

 Joseph Dan writes that Rabbi Judah was critical of the French and British Jews when they altered the  morning prayer by adding a few words (Ibid., p. 88). Rabbi Judah pointed out that such an addition  destroys the numerical structure of the prayer and renders it utterly nullified. He maintained that it is the  "numerical combination," rather than the "meanings" of the words that effects the needed contact between  the worshiper and God. Even the specific, nineteen-based, numerical system of the scripture was reported by Rabbi Judah:

 The people [Jews] in France made it a custom to add [in the morning prayer] the words: " 'Ashrei temimei derekh [blessed are those who walk the righteous way]," and our Rabbi, the Pious, of blessed memory, wrote that they were completely and utterly wrong. It is all gross falsehood, because there are only nineteen  times that the Holy Name is mentioned [in that portion of the morning prayer] ...and similarly you find the   word 'Elohim nineteen times in the pericope of Ve-'elleh shemot.... Similarly, you find that Israel is called    "sons" nineteen times, and there are many other examples. All these sets of nineteen are intricately   intertwined, and they contain many secrets and esoteric meanings, which are contained in more than eight  large volumes. Therefore, anyone who has the fear of God in him will not listen to the words of the  Frenchmen who add the verse "'Ashrei temimei derekh," and blessed are the righteous who walk in the paths of God's Torah, for according to their additions the Holy Name is mentioned twenty times...and this is a great mistake.

 Furthermore, in this section there are 152 words (152 = 19 x 8) but if you add "'Ashrei temimei derekh" there are 158 words. This is nonsense, for it is a great and hidden secret why there should be 152 words...but  it cannot be explained in a short treatise. ...In order to understand this religious phenomenon, we have to
 take the basic contention of this treatise exactly as it is stated: every addition or omission of a word, or even  of a single letter, from the sacred text of the prayers destroys the religious meaning of the prayer as a whole  and is to be regarded as a grave sin, a sin which could result in eternal exile for those who commit it....
                             (STUDIES IN JEWISH MYSTICISM, pp. 88-89)

The discovery of numerical structures within the scriptures and the divinely instituted liturgies have resulted  in a number of important conclusions. Some of these conclusions appear in STUDIES IN JEWISH   MYSTICISM (Ibid., p. 92):

 (1) No change can be tolerated in the text of the prayers, not even a minute one, because every change-even  of one letter-would destroy the numerical harmony inherent in the text....

   (2) The liturgy received new importance and new meaning within the framework of religious practice. A completely new dimension was added in this way to the daily prayer service; it stopped being just a reciting of requests and praises of God in ancient formulas, and became a vehicle for becoming a participant in a
  mystical, divine harmony. The prayers suddenly received a new depth of meaning and importance, which  was undreamed of in the thousand years that had passed since they were formulated.

    The discovery of mathematically authenticated scripture provides a totally unexpected opportunity to  explore the validity of our understanding regarding religious disputes such as divinty of Christ or Moses  parting the red sea. If there were a scripture which was proven to be unaltered by human beings, it would give us a safe point of reference for our study.

 The idea of mathematically composing a literary work is certainly novel to human thinking, and unique to   the scriptures. The numerical pattern serves both as an authenticating tool and as a guard to protect and  preserve the scripture. Obviously, finding original, unaltered scripture is of crucial importance. The slightest  change in the text of a mathematically coded literary work would disrupt or utterly destroy such a code; the  mathematical pattern would simply disappear. As pointed out by Rabbi Judah, "every addition or omission  of a word, or even of a single letter...destroys the religious meaning of the prayer as a whole and is regarded   as a grave sin." From a purely mathematical point of view, the slightest change renders the pattern  non-existent; 76, for example, is a multiple of 19, but 77 or 75 is not.

There is proof that one scripture is completely intact, and perfectly preserved. Unlike other known  scriptures, this one still exists in its original, untranslated language-just as it was revealed 1400 years ago. It is known to be complete, with no loss of any of the original revelation.

 Western access to this scripture has been limited by the fact that the people to whom it was originally  delivered have all but buried it with their cultural tradition. They believe that it is the basis of their religious  belief, when in fact, what they practice generally goes contrary to its teachings. This scripture is the Quran.

  In a recent translation of the Quran, the translator emphasizes the role of the number nineteen as an   authenticating code for the Quran. In 1968, through computer decoding, and totally independent of the   work of Rabbi Judah the Pious, Dr. Rashad Khalifa discovered that an extremely intricate 19-based  numerical structure encodes and guards every aspect of the Quran.

In the second edition of his translation QURAN: THE FINAL TESTAMENT (Islamic Productions, 1989),  Khalifa refers to Rabbi Judah's work, and suggests that nineteen represents God's own signature on  everything He created. He also provides the first plausible explanation for the prominence of the 19-based mathematical pattern throughout the scriptures, as well as the universe. In his appendix entitled "19: The  Creator's Signature" (Ibid., p. 709) Khalifa writes:

   The scriptures are not the only mathematically composed creations of God where the number 19 is the  common denominator. It is profound indeed that Galileo made his famous statement: "Mathematics is the   language with which God created the universe." A plethora of scientific findings have now shown that the  number 19 represents God's signature upon certain creations. This divine stamp appears throughout the  universe in much the same manner as the signatures of Michelangelo and Picasso identify their works. For   example: 1.The sun, the moon, and the earth become aligned in the same relative positions once every 19
                      years (see the ENCYCLOPEDIA JUDAICA under "Calendar").

  2.Halley's comet, a profound heavenly phenomenon, visits our solar system every 76 years, 19x4.

  3.God's stamp on you and me is manifested in the fact that the human body contains 209 bones, 19x11.

 4.LANGMAN'S MEDICAL EMBRYOLOGY, by T. W. Sadler, is used as a textbook in most of the Medical    Schools in the U.S.A. On Page 88 of the Fifth edition, we read the following statement: "In general the   length of pregnancy for a full term fetus is considered to be 280 days or 40 weeks after onset of the last
  menstruation, or more accurately, 266 days or 38 weeks after fertilization." The numbers 266 and 38 are both multiples of 19.

 The fool says in his heart, "There is no God." Such are corrupt; they do abominable deeds; there is not one  who does good. The Lord looks down from heaven upon the children of men, to see if there be one who is  wise and seeks God. All alike have gone astray.... [Psalm 14:1-3]

  Mathematical composition of a literary work is a totally new concept, though we now realize it has existed for centuries in sacred writings. Since it is a new concept, a brief explanation may be of help.

                      Suppose you are asked to write a book with the stipulation that:

   1.Chapter 3 is to contain exactly 532 of the letter `S'.2.Chapter 8 is to contain exactly 209 B's, and 779

     T's.3.Chapter 6 is to contain exactly 133 of the letter combination `ING.'4.And the total number of sentences must be exactly 57,152.

You will then try to write this hypothetical book, carefully counting and keeping track of those letters and the number of sentences in order to conform with the specifications given to you. As you conform to these  specifications, you must write down words and sentences that make sense and tell the reader something
      important having to do with the subject of your book. This is a simple example of mathematical  composition.

   These specifications can be increased or decreased to create varying degrees of complexity. The specific counts of certain letters, numbers of specific phrases, numbers of sentences and totals of verse numbers can soon become so interlocking that it becomes virtually impossible to compose such a book.

  Mathematically composed liturgies were reported by Rabbi Judah the Pious in the 11th century. To my knowledge, a recent analysis of the Torah has not been done to see if this code is still intact in the entire   scripture, but we have already discussed indications that there have been some alterations in the Torah, at  the very least in reference to the sons of Abraham. These alterations would have seriously disrupted the  code.

 The Gospels have been shown to have many problems in their transmission to us. In their present form,  they are not good candidates at all for such an analysis.

 The Quran, which was revealed in A.D. 610-630, is the only scripture that is known to still exist in its  original language, and form. It is also the only book known to be mathematically coded throughout.

 All the parameters of the Quran-the numbers and sequences of chapters; the number of verses; the numbers  assigned to each verse; the number of words; the number of certain specified letters; the number of words   from the same root; the number and variety of divine names; the absence of one or more letters from a
   word, verse or chapter; the unique and often strange s pellings of certain crucial words; and many other  elements-are all authenticated by its mathematical code.

                               How was this code discovered in the Quran?

Before we can answer that question we need to know a little about a unique feature in Quran-a phenomenon not found in any other literature. Twenty-nine chapters of the Quran are prefixed with certain letters of the   Arabic alphabet, or `Quranic Initials.' Ever since the Quran was revealed more than 14 centuries ago, Muslim and orientalist scholars have been trying to decipher the meaning and possible significance of these  mysterious Quranic initials, but to no avail. They remained a mystery to all.

Finally, a Muslim scientist and computer expert named Rashad Khalifa entered the Quran into the computer in hopes of finding some pattern which would explain these initials. Khalifa, a Ph.D. chemist,   later on the roster of scientists called `Technical Assistance Experts' with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), began his computer study as part of the research for his translation of  the Quran into English. The result of his extensive research was the discovery of an intricate mathematical   system which pervades the whole Quran and governs every possible parameter, including its initials.

Dr. Khalifa's discovery is extremely significant, especially since it matches the findings of Rabbi Judah the Pious. The common denominator of the Quran's mathematical code, the number nineteen, was reported by Rabbi Judah "in the liturgy, in the Scripture, in nature, in historical events and throughout the universe."

 Thus, God's `signature,' the number nineteen, encodes and guarantees every letter and every parameter of  the Quran, and intact portions of the Torah. It also places the Creator's stamp on our own creation, on   major historical events, on the sun/moon/earth interactions and throughout the universe.

                         WESTERN KNOWLEDGE OF THE CODE

 Since 1983, little notice has been taken of this work. In spite of that, Dr. Khalifa's work has been published  in the United States in six books:

  1.MIRACLE OF THE QURAN: Significance of the Mysterious Alphabets, Islamic Productions, St. Louis,   Missouri, 1973.

  2.THE COMPUTER SPEAKS: God's Message to the World, Renaissance Productions, Tucson, Arizona,  1981.

   3.QUR'AN: The Final Scripture, Islamic Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1981.

   4.QURAN: VISUAL PRESENTATION OF THE MIRACLE, Ibid, 1982.

   5.QUR'AN, HADITH AND ISLAM, Ibid, 1982.

    6.QURAN: The Final Testament, Ibid, 1989.

 The Quran was recorded as it was revealed-in fragments which were separated in both time and place, and positioned like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle into the final scripture. Since the order of revelation is different from the order of final position, two consecutive verses may be separated by as much as two years and 300
miles according to their chronological revelation.

 Before his assassination, Dr. Khalifa graciously gave me permission to reproduce as much of the appendix  covering the mathematical code as I wished from his translation, QURAN: THE FINAL TESTAMENT (First  Edition, Islamic Productions, 1989). I have chosen to pick out the simpler facts to summarize here, but have  summarized his entire appendix as an appendix to this book.

  Though the code was initially discovered by examining the occurrences of Quranic initials in the initialed chapters of Quran, there is a large number of much less complex parameters to the code. Here is a brief listing of some of them:

1.There are 114 chapters in the Quran, or 19 x 6.

2.The total number of verses in the Quran is 6346, or 19 x 334.

3.Then you add the 30 different numbers which are mentioned in the Quran's text (i.e. one God, two  brothers, etc.), the total is 162146 or 19 x 8534.

 4.The first statement in Quran, "In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful" consists of 19 Arabic letters. Known as the `Basmalah', it prefaces every chapter except Chapter 9.

 5.Though missing from Chapter 9, exactly 19 chapters later the Basmalah occurs twice. Chapter 27 has this statement at its beginning and in verse 30. This makes the total number of times the Basmalah occurs in the    Quran 114, or 19 x 6.

   6.Since there are 19 chapters between the missing Basmalah and the extra one, the sum of those chapter  numbers is a multiple of 19. (The sum of any 19 consecutive numbers is a multiple of 19.) But the total, 342,is also the exact number of words between the two occurrences of the Basmalah in Chapter 27. This number,    342, is 19 x 18.

  7.Every word in the Basmalah occurs throughout the Quran a number of times which is a multiple of 19.

   8.The very first revelation that was given to the prophet of Islam, Mohammed, came as 19 words.

   9.The total number of letters making up the 19 words of the first revelation is 76, 19 x 4.

   10.Though they were the first revelation, these verses are placed at the beginning of Chapter 96. This  chapter is atop the last 19 chapters.

   11.Chapter 96 consists of 304 Arabic letters, or 19 x 16.

   12.The last chapter revealed (Chapter 110) has 19 words, and its first verse is 19 letters.

   13.God's name in Arabic, `Allah,' occurs in the Quran 2698 times, or 19 x 142.

  14.If you add the numbers of the verses where `Allah' occurs, the total is 118123 or 19 x 6217.

  15.The main message in the Quran is that there is only One God. The number of times that the word `one' is  used to refer to this concept of One God is 19.

 16.The word `Quran' occurs in 38 different chapters, or 19 x 2.

 17.The total number of times `the Quran' is mentioned is 57, 19 x 3.

   18.Within the 114 chapters of the Quran, 29 of them begin with the Quranic initials discussed earlier. Intermixed between the first initialed chapter (Chapter 2) and the last initialed chapter (Chapter 68) are 38  non-initialed chapters, or 19 x 2.

  19.In that same group of chapters, from Chapter 2 to Chapter 68, there are 19 alternating sets of initialed  and non-initialed chapters.

   20.The total number of verses making up this group of chapters is 5263, 19 x 277.

  21.Within this group of chapters there are also 2641 occurrences of the word `Allah', or 19 x 139. Of course,  that leaves 57, or 19 x 4, occurrences of that word outside of this group.

  22.If you add the chapter and verse numbers of the 57 occurrences of `Allah' outside the initialed section, the total is 2432 or 19 x 128.

  23.There are a large number of discoveries having to do with the numbers of the chapters and verses. Many of them are very complex and interrelated. Here is a simple one to give you a feel for these discoveries: If  you add the numbers assigned to all the chapters, plus the numbers assigned to all of the verses, plus the     number of verses in the Quran, the total is 346199 or 19 x 19 x 959.

  24.If you look at the initialed chapters separately and add the chapter numbers, verse numbers and number   of verses, the total is 190133, 19 x 10007. Of course  it follows that the total for the uninitialed chapters,  156066, is also divisible by 19.

    There are a great many more discoveries, most of them more complex than the ones presented above. Additional discoveries continue to be made as Dr. Khalifa's work is carried on by the many students of pure  Quran he left behind.

   You may already be convinced that this interlocking occurrence of the number 19 is too frequent to be accidental. If not, the next section dealing with the Quranic initials should dispel your doubts.

 As we discussed earlier in this chapter, it was the search for an explanation of the Quranic Initials which led to the discovery of the code imbedded in the Arabic text of this scripture. These initials exhibit many aspects  of the code, when looked at as individual sets and when looked at as a whole.

  Let us begin by looking at the initials which use a single letter. The first one we will examine is the initial  which has the English transliteration of `Q'.

  THE INITIAL `Q.' (Qaaf)There are several special phenomena having to do with the initial Q. Perhaps it can be seen as standing for Quran. This is especially so since there are two Q-initialed chapters, each with 57 (19 x 3) Q's in them. Thus, the total of Q's in both chapters is 114 (19 x 6), the same number as the number
of chapters in the Quran.

 The fact that both Q-initialed chapters contain exactly 57 Q's is quite remarkable because the first of them  (Chapter 42) is more than twice as long as the second (Chapter 50).

   There is another remarkable phenomenon in the sum of the number of each chapter with the number of  verses in that chapter. Chapter 42 has 53 verses; 42 plus 53 is 95, 19 x 5. If we look at the other Q-initialed  chapter, 50, it has 45 verses; 50 plus 45 is also 95.

 THE INITIAL `N.' (Noon)This initial prefixes only one chapter, number 68. The total number of occurrences of N in this chapter is 133, or 19 x 7.

 THE INITIAL `Š.' (Saad)Š prefixes three different chapters, 7, 19 and 38. The total occurrences of Š in these three chapters taken together is 152, or 19 x 8.

 Most of the time the initials occur together in sets. Next, we will examine some of these sets.

 THE INITIALS `Y.S.' (Ya Seen)These two initials are found at the beginning of Chapter 36. The number of times that these two letters appear in this chapter is 285, or 19 x 15.

 THE INITIALS `H.M.' (Haa Meem)This set of initials is found initializing the seven consecutive chapters 40  through 46. The total occurrence of these two in all of these chapters is 2147, or 19 x 113.

  THE INITIALS `Á.S.Q.' (Ayn Seen Qaf)Chapter 42 is the only chapter with a set of initials (H.M.) in the first verse and another (Á.S.Q.) in verse two. The number of times the letters of this second set of initials are in Chapter 42 is 209, or 19 x 11.